1. The craft limits that milling machines and characteristic (the multiple-cutting-edge tool that 1) milling cutter is a model, treatment process has a few tooth to attend cutting at the same time, total cutting width is bigger; When milling advocate the whirl that motion is milling cutter, be helpful for undertaking high speed cutting, the dig of productivity prep above of reason milling cuts treatment. (2) milling size range of pipe bent is wide, can machine dig to cut the surface that cannot be machined or machines hard. The facet that has graduation demand and groove of form of the sunken plane that can close all round milling for example, circular arc, groove. (In 3) milling process, it is ordinal every tooth attend cutting, tooth is inside the period of time that leaves work, can get certain refrigeration. Accordingly, tooth comes loose hot condition is good, be helpful for those who reduce milling cutter wearing away, prolonged service life. (Because 4) is interrupted cutting, tooth is cutting person and concussion of generation of the meeting when cutting a work, and the cutting ply of every tooth always also is changing, this causes the change of cutting area and cutting force. Accordingly, milling process is not smooth; Easy generation is oscillatory. (5) milling machine, milling cutter is more complex than structure of planer, planing tool, the production of milling cutter and blade are being ground is more difficult than planing tool, so milling cost is cut than dig tall. (The treatment quality that 6) milling and dig cut comparatives roughly, via medium precision can be being achieved after thick, finish machining. But when machining old plane, after dig is cut, do not have receive knife mark apparently, and when the milling of upright milling cutter that is less than workpiece width with the diameter, go each there is the apparent mark that receive a knife between the knife, affect exterior quality. Milling treatment applies to sheet small lot production, also apply to large quantities of quantities to produce. 2. Milling machine and accessory milling machine are the machine tool that undertakes with milling cutter cutting is machined, its use is very extensive. The milling cutter of different type is used on milling machine, deploy the accessory such as workbench of all-purpose dividing head, circumgyrate, all sorts of typical appearances that if the graph is shown 1 times,can complete are machined. Graph when the milling machine of typical treatment method of 1 milling works advocate motion is the whirligig that main shaft component drives milling cutter, feed motion comes true by workbench in the sharp movement of 3 mutual and perpendicular direction. Because be used on milling machine, is much tine cutting tool, concussion and vibration exist in cutting process, this asks milling machine should be had on the structure taller Jing Gang is spent and move stiffness. The type of milling machine is very much, main type has milling machine of milling machine of horizontal lifting platform, vertical lifting platform, workbench not to rise fall milling machine of milling machine, planer-type milling machine, tool; In addition, still have profile modeling milling machine, appearance milling machine and all sorts of specialization milling machine (like keyway milling machine, crankshaft milling machine) etc. As the development of technology of machine tool numerical control, mill of CNC Milling, boring the application of machining center is more and more general also. (Milling machine of lifting platform of 1) all-purpose horizontal is all-purpose milling machine of horizontal lifting platform is to show main shaft axes shows a level to find a place for, workbench can be made fore-and-aft, transverse with perpendicular motion, can adjust the milling machine of proper point of view inside horizontal plane. Graph 2 it is the outline drawing of milling machine of all-purpose horizontal lifting platform with a kind of most wide application. When treatment, milling cutter outfit is placed on arbor, installation of arbor one aspect of the matter is in main shaft in the taper hole of 3, another end by hang oneself from a beam the arbor bracket of 4 right end 5 bearing, in order to raise its stiffness. Drive milling cutter is made rotate advocate 1 installation is in orgnaization of main shaft gearshift lathe bed 2 inside. Workbench 6 but along sole plate the 7 swallow end slideway that go up make fore-and-aft motion, sole plate 7 but opposite at bed saddle 8 circle vertical axis to adjust to proper point of view (± 45 ° ) , so that machine the surface such as helix chamfer. Bed saddle 8 but along lifting platform the 9 slideway that go up make the parallel transverse motion at main shaft axes, lifting platform 9 but along lathe bed 2 flank slideway makes perpendicular motion. Feed gearshift orgnaization 10 reach its clutch operation inside park lifting platform. Such, use bolt, pressing plate or the machine tool uses plain top vice or special fixture outfit is placed in workbench the 6 work that attend, the position that can follow workbench to realize either way in 3 direction together is adjusted or feed moves. Orgnaization of gearshift of 1- main shaft; 2- lathe bed; 3- main shaft; 4- hang oneself from a beam; 5- arbor bracket; 6- workbench; 7- sole plate; 8- bed saddle; 9- lifting platform; Orgnaization of 10- feed gearshift pursues 20 thousand can structure of milling machine of lifting platform of horizontal of Nextpage of milling machine of horizontal lifting platform and milling machine of all-purpose horizontal lifting platform are basic and identical, but milling machine of horizontal lifting platform does not have sole plate between workbench and bed saddle, because this workbench cannot be inside horizontal,adjust angle. This kind of milling machine besides cannot outside milling helix chamfer, can complete all sorts of milling treatment with milling machine of all-purpose horizontal lifting platform. Of milling machine of all-purpose horizontal lifting platform and milling machine of horizontal lifting platform advocate parameter is workbench range breadth. They basically are used at the treatment of medium, small part. (The main shaft that the main distinction of milling machine of lifting platform of vertical of milling machine of 2) vertical lifting platform and milling machine of horizontal lifting platform depends on it only is perpendicular find a place for, can use all sorts of upright milling cutter (also call a face milling cutter) or establish milling cutter to machine planar, cant, groove, step, gear, cam and the outline that close the surface. Graph 3 for outline drawing of common milling machine of lifting platform of a kind of vertical, its workbench 3, bed saddle 4 reach lifting platform 5 as identical as milling machine of horizontal lifting platform. Establish milling head the 1 point of view with can rotate proper inside perpendicular plane, in order to enlarge size range of pipe bent, main shaft 2 can undertake adjustment along axes direction or make feed motion. 1- establishs milling head; 2- main shaft; 3- workbench; 4- bed saddle; 5- lifting platform pursues milling machine of 3 vertical lifting platform (3) planer-type milling machine of planer-type milling machine is general purpose machine tool of a kind of large tall efficiency, basically use at machining the plane on of all kinds and large work, groove, it can have thick mill, half essence mill to workpiece not only, also can undertake mill of essence of life is machined. Graph 4 to have the medium-sized planer-type milling machine of 4 milling head. 4 milling head are installed respectively go up in crossbeam and pillar, can make the shift that adjusts the position along the slideway of crossbeam or pillar alone. Every milling head is an independence namely advocate athletic component, can drive axial of edge of milling cutter main shaft to realize feed motion and the shift that adjust the position by sleeve of milling head main shaft again, according to machining need every milling head returns the point of view with can rotate proper. When treatment, workbench drives workpiece to make fore-and-aft feed move, the others motion all comes true by milling head. Because the tigidity of planer-type milling machine is mixed,fight brace up the gender is better than double housing planer, it allows to use bigger cutting dosage, can use a few milling head to machine a few surfaces from different way at the same time, efficiency of machine tool production is tall, in mix group by group mass-produced in get applied extensively. Of planer-type milling machine advocate parameter is workbench range breadth. 1- workbench; 2, 6- level milling head; 3- beam; 4, 5- perpendicular milling head pursues 4 planer-type milling machine (type milling machine provides lifting platform of accessory of 4) milling machine have a variety of attachment, with will enlarge craft limits. Among them circumgyrate workbench (circular table) with all-purpose dividing head it is two kinds of commonly used accessory. Installation of workbench of circumgyrate of 1) circumgyrate workbench is on milling machine workbench, use the work that hold clip, the circular arc surface that goes up with milling workpiece or edge are circumferential graduation. If pursue 5, the cycle that use a hand uses square head 5, the orgnaization of worm worm wheel that passes circumgyrate workbench interior, make rotary table 1 roll, the center of rotary table is conic aperture, for workpiece fixed position is used. Use T form chamfer, bolt and pressing plate to be workpiece clamp on rotary table. Transmission shaft the 3 gearing with milling machine join, can undertake motor-driven feed. Pull touch handle 4 can put through or break a motor-driven feed. Adjust block iron the position of 2, can make rotary table stops automatically to need in place locally. 1- dial; 2- blocks iron; 3- transmission shaft; 4- handle; 5- square head pursues all-purpose dividing head of Nextpage2) of 5 circumgyrate workbench pursues 6 for FW250 model (clip holds work the appearance that the biggest diameter is 250mm) all-purpose dividing head. The function with all-purpose the basiccest dividing head is to make install the occasional clip that is placed in tip of dividing head main shaft and tailstock tip to hold the work on chuck, ordinal had turned needs point of view, in order to achieve graduation requirement of the regulation. It can complete the following work: It is certain to drive workpiece to circle circumgyrate of its oneself axes by dividing head main shaft angle, the divide into equal parts that finish or not the graduation of divide into equal parts works, gear of cylinder of square head of milling of in order to, 6 horn head, straight tine, keyway, spline the graduation that wait works; Hang through deploying annulus, rise dividing head main shaft and connection of workbench guide screw, composition with dividing head main shaft and milling machine workbench fore-and-aft guide screw is two extreme inside connection drive catenary, milling of in order to cam of line of all sorts of helix surfaces, Archimedes coming back; With chuck clip holds work, it is certain to make workpiece axes photograph tilts to milling machine workbench angle, intersect with milling and workpiece axes clutch of the groove of proper point of view, planar, straight bevel gear, gear. Graph 6 FW250 all-purpose dividing head 3. The type of milling cutter and applied milling cutter are cutting tool of much tine circumgyrate, its on the circumgyrate face that each tooth is equivalent to securing lathe tool in milling cutter. The geometrical angle of milling cutter tooth and cutting process, as basic as lathe tool or planing tool identical. The type of milling cutter is very much, the structure is differ, applied range is very wide, it is one of phyletic and most cutting tool in metallic cutting cutting tool. Milling cutter can be divided by its utility to machine plane to use milling cutter, treatment groove uses face of figuration of milling cutter, treatment to wait for a type with milling cutter. The milling cutter of global standards already was standardized, all make by professional tool works commonly. Introduce the characteristic of a few kinds of commonly used milling cutter and suitable scope below. (1) columnar milling cutter is like graph 1a place to show, columnar milling cutter is to use high-speed steel whole to make commonly, linear or blade of corkscrewed yarn cutting distributings in circumferential apparently, without deputy cutting blade. It is to be cut gradually when gyroidal tooth cutting with what break away from workpiece, so cutting process basically is used more smoothly at width of milling of horizontal milling machine to be less than the long and narrow plane of milling cutter length. (2) face milling cutter (upright milling cutter) place of the 1b that be like a graph is shown, face milling cutter advocate cutting blade distributings to go up in cylinder or taper seat, blade of end panel cutting is deputy cutting blade. Can divide by tooth material for high-speed steel and hard alloy two kinds big, make whole set type set tine structure more. Set diameter of bit body of tooth flank milling cutter to be Ø75 Mm-Ø300 Mm commonly, can amount to Ø600 Mm most, basically use in face of peace of face of step of the milling on vertical or horizontal milling machine, suit the milling treatment of older plane particularly. The milling cutter that use a face machines plane, attend cutting tooth at the same time more, have the effect repairing light of deputy cutting blade again, make machine exterior surface roughness the value is little. Hard alloy sets tooth flank milling cutter to be able to realize high speed cutting (100, Min) of 150 M ／ , manufacturing efficiency is tall, application is wide. (If place of graph 1c, D, E, H is shown,3) establishs milling cutter, establish milling cutter to have 3 commonly, 4 tooth composition, the cutting blade on columnar face is advocate cutting blade, there is deputy cutting blade on end panel, when the job can the radial feed along cutting tool, cannot make feed move along direction of milling cutter axes. It basically cuts face of groove, step and facet with Yu Xi, still can use face of profiling milling figuration. (4) 3 blade milling cutter can divide 3 blade milling cutter for straight tine 3 blade and fault age 3 blade, it basically is used in face of step of the milling on horizontal milling machine and groove. If graph 1f place is shown, 3 blade milling cutter is divided circumferential have advocate outside cutting blade, two flank also have deputy cutting blade, improved condition of cutting of two end panel thereby, improved cutting efficiency, reduced exterior surface roughness to be worth. Wrong tine 3 blade milling cutter, circumferential on tooth shows or so crisscross to distributing, with straight tine photograph of 3 blade milling cutter is compared, its cutting force of smoother, cutting bits of small, platoon is easy, reason application is wider. (5) curiums place of the 1g that be like a graph shows a milling cutter, curium a milling cutter is very thin, only circumferential on have tooth, flank does not have cutting blade, cut with Yu Xi narrow groove and cut off workpiece. Chafe to reduce and avoid to place a knife, its ply is decreased to the center by the brim thin, make two flank are formed deputy slant horn. (6) keyway milling cutter is shown like graph 1i place, its appearance and establish milling cutter likeness, different is it is in circumferential go up to have two helix tooth only, the edge of tooth of its end panel is outspread to the center, when the keyway that in mill accordingly two end are illogical, can make right amount axial feed. It basically is used at machining round head to close keyway. When milling is machined, first axial feed reachs trough deep, give key seat along keyway direction mill next full-length. If the graph is shown 1 times, other still have angle milling cutter (graph M) , figuration milling cutter (milling cutter of chamfer of form of graph N, P) , T (milling cutter of chamfer of end of graph K) , swallow (basis of graph L) and head appearance machines need can be conic form, cylindrical ball head and circle. Milling dosage (the parameter that 1) milling dosage adjusts a machine tool to use when element milling calls milling element, also call milling dosage element, its content is: Vc of 1) milling rate namely milling cutter most the linear velocity of blade of this diametical place cutting, the unit is M ／ Min. Its are worth the D in type of usable computation leaving type -- milling cutter diameter, mm; N -- milling cutter rotate speed, r ／ Min. Feed of 2) feed milling has 3 kinds to represent a means: Every tine feed Fz: Milling cutter every had turned when a tooth, the opposite displacement of workpiece and direction of feed of milling cutter edge is measured, the unit is Mm ／ tine. Every turn feed F milling cutter when every turn, the opposite displacement of workpiece and direction of feed of milling cutter edge is measured, the unit is Mm ／ R. Time of unit of feed speed Vf (minutely) inside, the opposite displacement of workpiece and direction of feed of milling cutter edge is measured, the unit is Mm ／ Min. Fz, F, vf3 person the relation is: The Z in type -- the need that for milling cutter tooth several milling treatment sets to because produce,3 kinds of feed are, among them machine tool of Vf in order to is adjusted reach computation to machine man-hour; Every age feed Fz uses strength of tooth of computational cutting force, checking computations. The feed on nameplate of average milling machine is tagged with feed speed. 3) carries penetration of a cutting tool on the back to measure Ap Ap is the cut dimension that shows cutter shaft line measures parallel Yu Xi, the unit is Mm. The Ap when Zhou Xi is to already machined exterior width, the Ap when Duan Xi is cut deepness. Ae Ae of quantity of 4) side penetration of a cutting tool is the cut dimension that shows cutter shaft line measures perpendicular Yu Xi, the unit is Mm. The Ae when Zhou Xi is cut deepness, the Ae when Duan Xi is to already machined exterior width. (The choice milling dosage of 2) milling dosage should reach the element such as machine tool stiffness to undertake choosing according to durability of precision of workpiece material, treatment, milling cutter. Above all deepness of milling of make choice of (back penetration of a cutting tool measures Ap) , it is every tine feed next Fz, decide milling rate Vc finally. Watch 1 with the watch 2 recommend a value for milling dosage, offer reference. Express 1 thick mill every age the commendation of feed Fz is worth Normal MARGIN of Center" Align=center> cutting tool: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-ALIGN: Normal Align=center> material: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-ALIGN: Center" Align=center> recommends feed / (Mm/ ages) Normal MARGIN of Center" Align=center> high-speed steel: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-ALIGN: Normal Align=center> columnar milling cutter: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-ALIGN: Normal Align=center> steel: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-ALIGN: Center" Align=center>0.
1~0.
15normal Align=center> cast-iron Normal Align=center>0.
12~0.
20normal MARGIN of milling cutter of Center" Align=center> face: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-ALIGN: Normal Align=center> steel: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-ALIGN: Center" Align=center>0.
04~0.
06normal Align=center> cast-iron Normal Align=center>0.
15~0.
20normal Align=center> Normal MARGIN of Center" Align=center> steel: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-ALIGN: Center" Align=center>0.
04~0.
06normal Align=center> cast-iron Normal Align=center>0.
15~0.
25normal MARGIN of milling cutter of Center" Align=center> hard alloy: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-ALIGN: Normal Align=center> steel: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-ALIGN: Center" Align=center>0.
1~0.
20normal Align=center> cast-iron Normal Align=center>0.
15~0.
30nextpage expresses the commendation of Vc of 2 milling rate to be worth Normal MARGIN of material of Center" Align=center> workpiece: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-ALIGN: Normal Align=center> milling: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-ALIGN: Center" Align=center> shows Normal MARGIN of milling cutter of Center" Align=center> high-speed steel: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-ALIGN: Normal Align=center> hard alloy: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-ALIGN: Center" Align=center>20normal Align=center>20~40normal Align=center>150~190normal > thick mill, big cost is taken when mill of essence of life. Normal > workpiece data and hardness take small cost high, take big cost conversely. Normal > cutting tool is good take big cost, take small cost conversely. Normal Align=center>45normal Align=center>20~35normal Align=center>120~150normal Align=center>40Crnormal Align=center>15~25normal Align=center>60~90normal Align=center>HT150normal Align=center>14~22normal Align=center>70~100normal Align=center> brass Normal Align=center>30~60normal Align=center>120~200normal MARGIN of Center" Align=center> aluminium alloy: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-ALIGN: Center" Align=center>112~300normal Align=center>400~600normal MARGIN of Center" Align=center> stainless steel: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-ALIGN: Center" Align=center>16~25normal Align=center>50~1005. Milling means (the kind that 1) Zhou Xi has milling with the circumferential tine of columnar milling cutter, call Zhou Xi. Zhou Xi has the branch that goes against mill and suitable mill. Graph if graph 7a place is shown,1) of means of 7 weeks of mill goes against mill, when milling, milling cutter each tooth cuts the speed direction of place and workpiece feed way in workpiece contrary, means of this kind of milling is called go against mill. When going against mill, the cutting ply of tooth from 0 increase gradually to maximum. Tooth is beginning to cut fashionable, because tooth point has circular arc, tooth skids in workpiece surface, produce extruding and clash, make this paragraph of surface produces cold hard layer, to glide after certain level, tooth just can cut layer of a metal. When next tooth cuts a person, squash on cold hard layer again, glide, quickened cutting tool to wear away not only so, also make coarse value increases workpiece surface at the same time. As a result of milling machine workbench fore-and-aft feed moves is to use guide screw nut deputy will come true, nut is fixed, guide screw drives workbench to move, see by graph 7a, when going against mill, the fore-and-aft milling component of force of milling force F. The fore-and-aft force way that moves with drive workbench is opposite, such making of whorl of workbench guide screw left alveolar and as left as nut maintain good contact from beginning to end, workbench won't produce change to use an appearance, milling process is smooth. But the instantaneous that leaves work is cut in tooth, the perpendicular milling component of force of milling force F. Be up, adverse to workpiece clamp, easy cause vibration. If graph 7b place is shown,2) arranges mill, when milling, each tooth is in milling cutter the speed way that workpiece cuts source and workpiece feed way are same, means of this kind of cutting calls suitable mill. When suitable mill, the cutting ply of tooth from the biggest decrease successively stage by stage to 0, when going against mill glide phenomenon, degree reduces the treatment sclerosis that already machined the surface greatly, exterior quality is higher, the durability of milling cutter is taller than going against mill. At the same time the perpendicular component of force of milling force F, press to workbench from beginning to end, avoided the vibration of workpiece. When suitable mill, the fore-and-aft component of force of cutting force F. The fore-and-aft force way that moves with drive workbench from beginning to end is same. If clearance of axial of deputy existence of guide screw nut, be more than the attrition force between workbench and slideway when fore-and-aft cutting force when, can make workbench drives change of guide screw occurrence left and right sides to move, cause workbench feed inhomogenous, serious when can appear the phenomenon that hit a knife. When thick mill, if use treatment of suitable mill means, criterion nut of guide screw of feed of milling machine workbench deputy must have the orgnaization that eliminates axial gap. Otherwise appropriate uses treatment of the means that go against mill. (2) Duan Xi uses the end panel tine that carries milling cutter to have the kind of milling, call Duan Xi. If the graph is shown 8 times, when milling is machined, according to milling cutter and buy of work look counterpoint different, the cent that carry mill is symmetrical mill and asymmetry mill two kinds. Asymmetry mill is divided again go against mill and asymmetry to arrange mill for asymmetry. Graph mill of semmetry of 1) of means of 8 end mill is like graph 8a place to show, milling cutter axes is located in the symmetrical center position of milling arc length, every tooth cuts milling cutter support of the people cuts ply of the cutting when leaving work equal, call symmetrical mill. Symmetrical milling has the biggest average cutting ply, can avoid milling cutter to cut fashionable the extruding to workpiece surface, glide, milling cutter durability is tall. Symmetrical mill applies to workpiece width to be close to the diameter of face milling cutter, and the circumstance with milling cutter more tooth. If graph 8b place is shown,2) asymmetry goes against mill, slant when milling cutter axes the symmetrical position of park milling arc length, ju Nixi is more than the milling means of suitable mill part partly, call asymmetry to go against mill. Asymmetry goes against mill cutting smooth, ply of the cutting when cutting a person is small, reduced impact, make cutting tool durability and treatment surface quality get rising thereby. Agree with treatment carbon steel and low-alloy steel and narrower workpiece. If graph 8c place is shown,3) asymmetry arranges mill, its feature and asymmetry go against mill as it happens contrary. Means of this kind of cutting is used rarely commonly, but when cutting stainless steel and heat-resisting alloy steel with Yu Xi, can reduce hard alloy cutting tool to flake wear away. Afore-mentioned Zhou Xi and Duan Xi, it is the different milling means of as a result of the milling cutter that uses different type in milling process generation, photograph of means of two kinds of milling is compared, duan Xi has milling smoother, treatment quality and cutting tool durability all taller characteristic, the face milling cutter that Ju Duanxi uses sets hard alloy tooth easily, can use big cutting dosage, realize high speed cutting, productivity is tall. Dan Duanxi adaptability is poor, basically use at planar milling. Although milling function of Zhou Xi is inferior to Duan Xi, dan Zhouxi can use a variety of milling cutter, mill plane, groove, tooth form and figuration surface, accommodation is wide, because this production is medium application is more. CNC Milling